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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">CliffsNotes</span></span>
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<p><b>CliffsNotes</b> are a series of student <a href="Study_guide" title="Study guide">study guides</a>. The guides present and create literary and other works in <a href="Pamphlet" title="Pamphlet">pamphlet</a> form or online. Detractors of the study guides claim they let students bypass reading the assigned literature. The company claims to promote the reading of the original work and does not view the study guides as a substitute for that reading.<sup id="cite_ref-about_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>
<p>CliffsNotes was started by <a href="Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a> native <a href="Clifton_Hillegass" title="Clifton Hillegass">Clifton Hillegass</a> in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was working at <a href="Nebraska_Book_Company" title="Nebraska Book Company">Nebraska Book Company</a> of Lincoln, Nebraska, when he met Jack Cole, the co-owner of <a href="Coles_(bookstore)" title="Coles (bookstore)">Coles</a>, a Toronto book business. Coles published a series of Canadian study guides called <a href="Coles_Notes" title="Coles Notes">Coles Notes</a>, and sold Hillegass the U.S. rights to the guides.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Hillegass and his wife, Catherine, started the business in their basement at 511 Eastridge Drive in Lincoln, with sixteen <a href="William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> titles. In August 1958, they shipped their first batch of notes and by the end of that year had sold over 58,000 copies. Hillegass hired literature teachers to condense works of literature into concise summaries, commentaries, author biographies and character analyses. In the 1960s, as his own writers revised the summaries of Shakespearian plays, Hillegass eliminated the Cole's Notes versions.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>By 1964, sales reached one million Notes annually. CliffsNotes now exist for hundreds of works. The term "Cliff's Notes" has become a <a href="Generic_trademark" title="Generic trademark">proprietary eponym</a> for similar products.
</p><p><a href="International_Data_Group" title="International Data Group">IDG Books</a> purchased CliffsNotes in 1998 for $14.2 million. <a href="Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">John Wiley & Sons</a> acquired IDG Books (renamed Hungry Minds) in 2001. In 2011, CliffsNotes announced a joint venture with <a href="Mark_Burnett" title="Mark Burnett">Mark Burnett</a>, a TV producer, to create a series of 60-second video <a href="Study_guide" title="Study guide">study guides</a> of literary works.<sup id="cite_ref-marketplace_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marketplace-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, CliffsNotes was acquired by <a href="Houghton_Mifflin_Harcourt" title="Houghton Mifflin Harcourt">Houghton Mifflin Harcourt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-about_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, CliffsNotes was acquired by <a href="Course_Hero" title="Course Hero">Course Hero</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="60second_Recap" title="60second Recap">60second Recap</a></li>
<li><a href="BookRags" class="mw-redirect" title="BookRags">BookRags</a></li>
<li><a href="Coles_Notes" title="Coles Notes">Coles Notes</a></li>
<li><a href="Enotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Enotes">Enotes</a></li>
<li><a href="Letts_and_Lonsdale" title="Letts and Lonsdale">Letts and Lonsdale</a></li>
<li><a href="Masterplots" title="Masterplots">Masterplots</a></li>
<li><a href="Schaum's_Outlines" title="Schaum's Outlines">Schaum's Outlines</a></li>
<li><a href="Shmoop" title="Shmoop">Shmoop</a></li>
<li><a href="SparkNotes" title="SparkNotes">SparkNotes</a></li>
<li><a href="York_Notes" title="York Notes">York Notes</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-about-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-about_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-about_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cliffsnotes.com/discover-about">"About CliffsNotes"</a>. <i>CliffsNotes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHerman2022" class="citation web cs1">Herman, Daniel (December 9, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2022/12/openai-chatgpt-writing-high-school-english-essay/672412/">"The End of High-School English"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-latimes-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFOliver2001" class="citation web cs1">Oliver, Myrna (May 7, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-may-07-me-60427-story.html">"Clifton Hillegass; Built Cliffs Notes Into Multimillion-Dollar Business"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-marketplace-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-marketplace_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727192539/http://marketplace.publicradio.org/display/web/2011/03/10/pm-cliffsnotes-goes-digital//">"CliffsNotes Goes Digital"</a>. American Public Radio. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marketplace.publicradio.org/display/web/2011/03/10/pm-cliffsnotes-goes-digital//">the original</a> on July 27, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/news/2021/08/19/course-hero-buys-cliffsnotes.html">"Online education unicorn Course Hero buys CliffsNotes"</a>. Silicon Valley Business Journal<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>
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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cliff_notes" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:cliff notes">cliff notes</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div>
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